超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)在(zai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)目前超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)在(zai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)已日益廣泛, 并(bing)且(qie)(qie)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)已經工業化(hua)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)傳統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)存(cun)在(zai)溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)耗量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)、萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)、萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)溫度高(gao)(gao)、工藝路線長(chang)、萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)低等(deng)(deng)缺點(dian), 導致中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殘(can)留(liu)溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)含量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)、有(you)(you)效成(cheng)分含量(liang)(liang)低、質量(liang)(liang)難以(yi)(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、藥(yao)(yao)效不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)等(deng)(deng)主要問題(ti), 產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)格低, 國(guo)(guo)際市場(chang)競爭(zheng)力(li)不(bu)強, 極(ji)大(da)(da)地制(zhi)(zhi)約了(le)(le)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)現代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進程。而(er)(er)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)則能明(ming)顯(xian)地減少(shao)溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)耗量(liang)(liang)、縮(suo)短萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi)間(jian), 在(zai)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度下(xia)就可(ke)實現高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv), 而(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)不(bu)會破壞中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效成(cheng)分, 可(ke)廣泛用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皂苷、生(sheng)物(wu)堿(jian)、黃酮、蒽(en)醌類、有(you)(you)機酸及多(duo)糖(tang)等(deng)(deng)成(cheng)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)由(you)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)空化(hua)引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de), 由(you)變幅桿端部發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo),激活反應(ying)(ying)(ying)容器內(nei)液體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空化(hua)氣泡在(zai)崩潰時(shi)伴隨發生(sheng)沖擊波(bo)或(huo)射流(liu)作用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)細胞(bao)壁并(bing)使其(qi)破裂。目前超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)臨(lin)界(jie)CO2 萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由(you)于(yu)(yu)具有(you)(you)綠色無污(wu)染、溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)殘(can)留(liu)量(liang)(liang)少(shao)或(huo)沒有(you)(you)、產(chan)品(pin)有(you)(you)效成(cheng)分不(bu)易失活、產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)優點(dian), 成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)近年來研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱點(dian)。但同(tong)(tong)時(shi)該技術(shu)存(cun)在(zai)著萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)壓力(li)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)、時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)、萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)較(jiao)低、夾(jia)帶劑(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)以(yi)(yi)及能耗高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)缺點(dian), 極(ji)大(da)(da)地限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)其(qi)工業化(hua)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。若(ruo)將(jiang)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)臨(lin)界(jie)流(liu)體(ti)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)則可(ke)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)顯(xian)降(jiang)低萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)和溫度, 減少(shao)夾(jia)帶劑(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)和縮(suo)短萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi)間(jian), 而(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)也有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)。Riera E 對(dui)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)強化(hua)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)臨(lin)界(jie)CO2 流(liu)體(ti)從杏仁顆(ke)粒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)油脂進行(xing)了(le)(le)研(yan)究。實驗采(cai)用(yong)(yong)20 kHz、50 W的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。結果顯(xian)示, 超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)臨(lin)界(jie)CO2 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)附(fu)加超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與沒有(you)(you)附(fu)加超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)比, 在(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)下(xia), 杏仁油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi)間(jian)縮(suo)短了(le)(le)30 ; 而(er)(er)在(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei), 萃(cui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)20 。另外(wai)在(zai)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)條件(jian)下(xia),超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換能器可(ke)作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)種高(gao)(gao)靈敏度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探針顯(xian)示超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)臨(lin)界(jie)流(liu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。目前超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究主要限(xian)于(yu)(yu)單頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng), 而(er)(er)對(dui)兩(liang)種或(huo)兩(liang)種以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)頻超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)輻(fu)照強化(hua)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究很少(shao)。這方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究是近幾年才投入研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)新課題(ti)。有(you)(you)實驗顯(xian)示雙頻、三頻超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)正交輻(fu)照可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)學產(chan)額(e)顯(xian)著提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao),國(guo)(guo)內(nei)由(you)于(yu)(yu)投入該項(xiang)研(yan)究處于(yu)(yu)起(qi)步階(jie)段, 很多(duo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究, 如頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇、超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發射位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布局(ju)、功率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭配等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)尚需進一(yi)步深化(hua)。作者實驗室正在(zai)進行(xing)多(duo)頻超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)從苦木中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)物(wu)堿(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究, 已取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)得了(le)(le)可(ke)喜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段性研(yan)究成(cheng)果。